Digitization - Glossary
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). This regulation provides California consumers with more control over the personal information that businesses collect about them. Privacy rights include: the right to know, the right to delete, the right to opt out, and the right to nondiscrimination for exercising their CCPA rights.
defacement. Where the integrity of a website’s data is compromised by changing the website’s visual appearance.
digital ethics. Addresses the impact of digital information and communication technologies on society and the environment in terms of acceptable or unacceptable behaviors.
digitization. The technical process of converting analogue signals into a digital form and, ultimately, into binary digits.
digitalization. Adopting and using digital technologies involving the broader context of the individual, the organization, and society with a view to transforming business and society.
digital transformation. Involves the integration of digital technology across all areas of an organization’s activities, fundamentally changing how organizations create value for a range of stakeholders.
distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. A tactic designed to overload a system and crash a website.
doxxing. The leaking of personal, confidential, or incriminating information about organizations or individuals, typically with the intent of harming them.
fourth industrial revolution. Represents new ways of embedding technology within daily life.
Examples include genome editing, new forms of machine intelligence, and the use of breakthrough materials.
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Although it was drafted and passed by the European Union (EU), it imposes obligations onto organizations anywhere, if they target or collect data related to people in the EU. Harsh fines are imposed on those who violate the privacy and security standards set out in this regulation. There are two tiers of penalties, which are capped at 20 million euros or 4% of an organization’s global revenue (whichever is higher). In addition, data subjects have the right to seek compensation for damages.
hacktivism. Nonviolent, digital activism involving the misuse of a computer system or network for social, political, religious, or anarchistic reasons. Tactics include doxxing, defacement, and DDoS attacks.
legacy systems. Computer systems, software, or similar technology that is outdated and difficult to manage and yet remains vital to workflow processes within an organization, creating bottlenecks for processes and operating capacity.
modularization. Promotes greater interconnectivity, interoperability, data sharing, and information transparency. This enables enhanced levels of technical support and decentralized decision-making whereby cyber physical systems operate autonomously, with decisions only delegated to humans in exceptional circumstances.
platformization. A process that enables products and services to be transacted without relying on offline intermediaries such as physical marketplaces.
reverse logistics. Involves moving a product from the customer or user back to the retailer or manufacturer. This includes product returns, refurbishment, and remanufacturing, as well as items that are resold or permanently disposed of.
SMAC technologies. The generic name given to social, mobile, analytics, and cloud computing.
servitization. A process of building revenue streams for manufacturers from services, often involving a subscription model that is applicable to many industries. Examples would include software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS).
wiping attack. An attack that involves wiping, overwriting, or removing data from the victim and may be used to cover the tracks of a separate data theft.
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